20 General utilities library [utilities]

20.7 Variants [variant]

20.7.3 Class template variant [variant.variant]

20.7.3.1 Constructors [variant.ctor]

In the descriptions that follow, let i be in the range [0, sizeof...(Types)), and be the type in Types.
constexpr variant() noexcept(see below);
Constraints: is_­default_­constructible_­v<> is true.
Effects: Constructs a variant holding a value-initialized value of type .
Postconditions: valueless_­by_­exception() is false and index() is 0.
Throws: Any exception thrown by the value-initialization of .
Remarks: This function is constexpr if and only if the value-initialization of the alternative type would satisfy the requirements for a constexpr function.
The expression inside noexcept is equivalent to is_­nothrow_­default_­constructible_­v<>.
[Note
:
See also class monostate.
— end note
]
constexpr variant(const variant& w);
Effects: If w holds a value, initializes the variant to hold the same alternative as w and direct-initializes the contained value with get<j>(w), where j is w.index().
Otherwise, initializes the variant to not hold a value.
Throws: Any exception thrown by direct-initializing any for all i.
Remarks: This constructor is defined as deleted unless is_­copy_­constructible_­v<> is true for all i.
If is_­trivially_­copy_­constructible_­v<> is true for all i, this constructor is trivial.
constexpr variant(variant&& w) noexcept(see below);
Constraints: is_­move_­constructible_­v<> is true for all i.
Effects: If w holds a value, initializes the variant to hold the same alternative as w and direct-initializes the contained value with get<j>(std​::​move(w)), where j is w.index().
Otherwise, initializes the variant to not hold a value.
Throws: Any exception thrown by move-constructing any for all i.
Remarks: The expression inside noexcept is equivalent to the logical AND of is_­nothrow_­move_­constructible_­v<> for all i.
If is_­trivially_­move_­constructible_­v<> is true for all i, this constructor is trivial.
template<class T> constexpr variant(T&& t) noexcept(see below);
Let be a type that is determined as follows: build an imaginary function FUN() for each alternative type for which x[] = {std​::​forward<T>(t)}; is well-formed for some invented variable x.
The overload FUN() selected by overload resolution for the expression FUN(std​::​forward<T>(​t)) defines the alternative which is the type of the contained value after construction.
Constraints:
  • sizeof...(Types) is nonzero,
  • is_­same_­v<remove_­cvref_­t<T>, variant> is false,
  • remove_­cvref_­t<T> is neither a specialization of in_­place_­type_­t nor a specialization of in_­place_­index_­t,
  • is_­constructible_­v<, T> is true, and
  • the expression FUN(std​::​forward<T>(t)) (with FUN being the above-mentioned set of imaginary functions) is well-formed.
    [Note
    :
    variant<string, string> v("abc");
    
    is ill-formed, as both alternative types have an equally viable constructor for the argument. — end note
    ]
Effects: Initializes *this to hold the alternative type and direct-initializes the contained value as if direct-non-list-initializing it with std​::​forward<T>(t).
Postconditions: holds_­alternative<>(*this) is true.
Throws: Any exception thrown by the initialization of the selected alternative .
Remarks: The expression inside noexcept is equivalent to is_­nothrow_­constructible_­v<, T>.
If 's selected constructor is a constexpr constructor, this constructor is a constexpr constructor.
template<class T, class... Args> constexpr explicit variant(in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&... args);
Constraints:
  • There is exactly one occurrence of T in Types... and
  • is_­constructible_­v<T, Args...> is true.
Effects: Initializes the contained value as if direct-non-list-initializing an object of type T with the arguments std​::​forward<Args>(args)....
Postconditions: holds_­alternative<T>(*this) is true.
Throws: Any exception thrown by calling the selected constructor of T.
Remarks: If T's selected constructor is a constexpr constructor, this constructor is a constexpr constructor.
template<class T, class U, class... Args> constexpr explicit variant(in_place_type_t<T>, initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args);
Constraints:
  • There is exactly one occurrence of T in Types... and
  • is_­constructible_­v<T, initializer_­list<U>&, Args...> is true.
Effects: Initializes the contained value as if direct-non-list-initializing an object of type T with the arguments il, std​::​forward<Args>(args)....
Postconditions: holds_­alternative<T>(*this) is true.
Throws: Any exception thrown by calling the selected constructor of T.
Remarks: If T's selected constructor is a constexpr constructor, this constructor is a constexpr constructor.
template<size_t I, class... Args> constexpr explicit variant(in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&... args);
Constraints:
  • I is less than sizeof...(Types) and
  • is_­constructible_­v<, Args...> is true.
Effects: Initializes the contained value as if direct-non-list-initializing an object of type with the arguments std​::​forward<Args>(args)....
Postconditions: index() is I.
Throws: Any exception thrown by calling the selected constructor of .
Remarks: If 's selected constructor is a constexpr constructor, this constructor is a constexpr constructor.
template<size_t I, class U, class... Args> constexpr explicit variant(in_place_index_t<I>, initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args);
Constraints:
  • I is less than sizeof...(Types) and
  • is_­constructible_­v<, initializer_­list<U>&, Args...> is true.
Effects: Initializes the contained value as if direct-non-list-initializing an object of type with the arguments il, std​::​forward<Args>(args)....
Postconditions: index() is I.
Remarks: If 's selected constructor is a constexpr constructor, this constructor is a constexpr constructor.