8 Statements [stmt.stmt]

Except as indicated, statements are executed in sequence.

The optional attribute-specifier-seq appertains to the respective statement.

A substatement of a statement is one of the following:

• (2.1)
  for a labeled-statement, its contained statement,
• (2.2)
  for a compound-statement, any statement of its statement-seq,
• (2.3)
  for a selection-statement, any of its statements (but not its init-statement), or
• (2.4)
  for an iteration-statement, its contained statement (but not an init-statement).

A statement S1 encloses a statement S2 if

• (3.1)
  S2 is a substatement of S1 ([dcl.dcl]),
• (3.2)
  S1 is a selection-statement or iteration-statement and S2 is the init-statement of S1,
• (3.3)
  S1 is a try-block and S2 is its compound-statement or any of the compound-statements of its handlers, or
• (3.4)
  S1 encloses a statement S3 and S3 encloses S2.

The rules for conditions apply both to selection-statements and to the for and while statements ([stmt.iter]).

A condition that is not an expression is a declaration ([dcl.dcl]).

The declarator shall not specify a function or an array.

The decl-specifier-seq shall not define a class or enumeration.

If the auto type-specifier appears in the decl-specifier-seq, the type of the identifier being declared is deduced from the initializer as described in [dcl.spec.auto].

The value of a condition that is an initialized declaration in a statement other than a switch statement is the value of the declared variable contextually converted to bool.

If that conversion is ill-formed, the program is ill-formed.

The value of a condition that is an initialized declaration in a switch statement is the value of the declared variable if it has integral or enumeration type, or of that variable implicitly converted to integral or enumeration type otherwise.

The value of a condition that is an expression is the value of the expression, contextually converted to bool for statements other than switch; if that conversion is ill-formed, the program is ill-formed.

The value of the condition will be referred to as simply “the condition” where the usage is unambiguous.

If a condition can be syntactically resolved as either an expression or the declaration of a block-scope name, it is interpreted as a declaration.

In the decl-specifier-seq of a condition, each decl-specifier shall be either a type-specifier or constexpr.