Annex C (informative) Compatibility [diff]

Change: Specify use of explicit in existing boolean conversion functions.

Rationale: Clarify intentions, avoid workarounds.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on implicit boolean conversions will fail to compile with this International Standard.

Such conversions occur in the following conditions:

• (1.1)
  passing a value to a function that takes an argument of type bool;
• (1.2)
  using operator== to compare to false or true;
• (1.3)
  returning a value from a function with a return type of bool;
• (1.4)
  initializing members of type bool via aggregate initialization;
• (1.5)
  initializing a const bool& which would bind to a temporary object.

Change: Change base class of std​::​ios_­base​::​failure.

Rationale: More detailed error messages.

Effect on original feature: std​::​ios_­base​::​failure is no longer derived directly from std​::​exception, but is now derived from std​::​system_­error, which in turn is derived from std​::​runtime_­error.

Valid C++ 2003 code that assumes that std​::​ios_­base​::​failure is derived directly from std​::​exception may execute differently in this International Standard.

Change: Flag types in std​::​ios_­base are now bitmasks with values defined as constexpr static members.

Rationale: Required for new features.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on std​::​ios_­base flag types being represented as std​::​bitset or as an integer type may fail to compile with this International Standard.

For example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  int flag = std::ios_base::hex;
  std::cout.setf(flag);         // error: setf does not take argument of type int
}