Annex C (informative) Compatibility [diff]

C.4 C++ and ISO C++ 2003 [diff.cpp03]

C.4.14 [input.output]: input/output library [diff.cpp03.input.output]

Affected subclauses: [istream.sentry], [ostream.sentry], and [iostate.flags]
Change: Specify use of explicit in existing boolean conversion functions.

Rationale: Clarify intentions, avoid workarounds.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on implicit boolean conversions will fail to compile with this International Standard.
Such conversions occur in the following conditions:
  • passing a value to a function that takes an argument of type bool;
  • using operator== to compare to false or true;
  • returning a value from a function with a return type of bool;
  • initializing members of type bool via aggregate initialization;
  • initializing a const bool& which would bind to a temporary object.
Affected subclause: [ios.failure]
Change: Change base class of std​::​ios_­base​::​failure.

Rationale: More detailed error messages.

Effect on original feature: std​::​ios_­base​::​failure is no longer derived directly from std​::​exception, but is now derived from std​::​system_­error, which in turn is derived from std​::​runtime_­error.
Valid C++ 2003 code that assumes that std​::​ios_­base​::​failure is derived directly from std​::​exception may execute differently in this International Standard.
Affected subclause: [ios.base]
Change: Flag types in std​::​ios_­base are now bitmasks with values defined as constexpr static members.

Rationale: Required for new features.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on std​::​ios_­base flag types being represented as std​::​bitset or as an integer type may fail to compile with this International Standard.
For example:
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  int flag = std::ios_base::hex;
  std::cout.setf(flag);         // error: setf does not take argument of type int
}