9 Declarations [dcl.dcl]

struct B {
  void f(char);
  void g(char);
  enum E { e };
  union { int x; };
};

struct D : B {
  using B::f;
  void f(int) { f('c'); }       // calls B​::​f(char)
  void g(int) { g('c'); }       // recursively calls D​::​g(int)
};

enum class button { up, down };
struct S {
  using button::up;
  button b = up;                // OK
};

template <typename... bases>
struct X : bases... {
  using bases::g...;
};

X<B, D> x;                      // OK: B​::​g and D​::​g introduced

class C {
  int g();
};

class D2 : public B {
  using B::f;                   // OK: B is a base of D2
  using B::e;                   // OK: e is an enumerator of base B
  using B::x;                   // OK: x is a union member of base B
  using C::g;                   // error: C isn't a base of D2
};

struct A {
  template <class T> void f(T);
  template <class T> struct X { };
};
struct B : A {
  using A::f<double>;           // error
  using A::X<int>;              // error
};

struct X {
  int i;
  static int s;
};

void f() {
  using X::i;                   // error: X​::​i is a class member and this is not a member declaration.
  using X::s;                   // error: X​::​s is a class member and this is not a member declaration.
}

void f();

namespace A {
  void g();
}

namespace X {
  using ::f;                    // global f
  using A::g;                   // A's g
}

void h()
{
  X::f();                       // calls ​::​f
  X::g();                       // calls A​::​g
}

namespace A {
  int i;
}

namespace A1 {
  using A::i, A::i;             // OK: double declaration
}

struct B {
  int i;
};

struct X : B {
  using B::i, B::i;             // error: double member declaration
};

namespace A {
  void f(int);
}

using A::f;         // f is a synonym for A​::​f; that is, for A​::​f(int).
namespace A {
  void f(char);
}

void foo() {
  f('a');           // calls f(int), even though f(char) exists.
}

void bar() {
  using A::f;       // f is a synonym for A​::​f; that is, for A​::​f(int) and A​::​f(char).
  f('a');           // calls f(char)
}

namespace A {
  int x;
}

namespace B {
  int i;
  struct g { };
  struct x { };
  void f(int);
  void f(double);
  void g(char);     // OK: hides struct g
}

void func() {
  int i;
  using B::i;       // error: i declared twice
  void f(char);
  using B::f;       // OK: each f is a function
  f(3.5);           // calls B​::​f(double)
  using B::g;
  g('a');           // calls B​::​g(char)
  struct g g1;      // g1 has class type B​::​g
  using B::x;
  using A::x;       // OK: hides struct B​::​x
  x = 99;           // assigns to A​::​x
  struct x x1;      // x1 has class type B​::​x
}

struct B {
  virtual void f(int);
  virtual void f(char);
  void g(int);
  void h(int);
};

struct D : B {
  using B::f;
  void f(int);      // OK: D​::​f(int) overrides B​::​f(int);

  using B::g;
  void g(char);     // OK

  using B::h;
  void h(int);      // OK: D​::​h(int) hides B​::​h(int)
};

void k(D* p)
{
  p->f(1);          // calls D​::​f(int)
  p->f('a');        // calls B​::​f(char)
  p->g(1);          // calls B​::​g(int)
  p->g('a');        // calls D​::​g(char)
}

struct B1 {
  B1(int);
};

struct B2 {
  B2(int);
};

struct D1 : B1, B2 {
  using B1::B1;
  using B2::B2;
};
D1 d1(0);           // error: ambiguous

struct D2 : B1, B2 {
  using B1::B1;
  using B2::B2;
  D2(int);          // OK: D2​::​D2(int) hides B1​::​B1(int) and B2​::​B2(int)
};
D2 d2(0);           // calls D2​::​D2(int)

class A {
private:
    void f(char);
public:
    void f(int);
protected:
    void g();
};

class B : public A {
  using A::f;       // error: A​::​f(char) is inaccessible
public:
  using A::g;       // B​::​g is a public synonym for A​::​g
};