void g() { const int n = 0; [=] { constexpr int i = n; // OK, n is not odr-used here constexpr int j = *&n; // error: &n would be an odr-use of n }; }— end example
auto monad = [](auto v) { return [=] { return v; }; }; auto bind = [](auto m) { return [=](auto fvm) { return fvm(m()); }; }; // OK to capture objects with automatic storage duration created during constant expression evaluation. static_assert(bind(monad(2))(monad)() == monad(2)());— end example
int x; // not constant struct A { constexpr A(bool b) : m(b?42:x) { } int m; }; constexpr int v = A(true).m; // OK: constructor call initializes m with the value 42 constexpr int w = A(false).m; // error: initializer for m is x, which is non-constant constexpr int f1(int k) { constexpr int x = k; // error: x is not initialized by a constant expression // because lifetime of k began outside the initializer of x return x; } constexpr int f2(int k) { int x = k; // OK: not required to be a constant expression // because x is not constexpr return x; } constexpr int incr(int &n) { return ++n; } constexpr int g(int k) { constexpr int x = incr(k); // error: incr(k) is not a core constant expression // because lifetime of k began outside the expression incr(k) return x; } constexpr int h(int k) { int x = incr(k); // OK: incr(k) is not required to be a core constant expression return x; } constexpr int y = h(1); // OK: initializes y with the value 2 // h(1) is a core constant expression because // the lifetime of k begins inside h(1)— end example
struct A { constexpr A(int i) : val(i) { } constexpr operator int() const { return val; } constexpr operator long() const { return 42; } private: int val; }; constexpr A a = alignof(int); alignas(a) int n; // error: ambiguous conversion struct B { int n : a; }; // error: ambiguous conversion— end example
consteval int f() { return 42; } consteval auto g() { return f; } consteval int h(int (*p)() = g()) { return p(); } constexpr int r = h(); // OK constexpr auto e = g(); // error: a pointer to an immediate function is // not a permitted result of a constant expression— end example
template<bool> struct X {}; X<std::is_constant_evaluated()> x; // type X<true> int y; const int a = std::is_constant_evaluated() ? y : 1; // dynamic initialization to 1 double z[a]; // error: a is not usable // in constant expressions const int b = std::is_constant_evaluated() ? 2 : y; // static initialization to 2 int c = y + (std::is_constant_evaluated() ? 2 : y); // dynamic initialization to y+y constexpr int f() { const int n = std::is_constant_evaluated() ? 13 : 17; // n is 13 int m = std::is_constant_evaluated() ? 13 : 17; // m might be 13 or 17 (see below) char arr[n] = {}; // char[13] return m + sizeof(arr); } int p = f(); // m is 13; initialized to 26 int q = p + f(); // m is 17 for this call; initialized to 56— end example